Recent Changes

Heroin and Depression
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They feel oneceonce again compelled
In a study done by the Illinois Consortium on drug Policy at the Roosevelt University on suburban heroin use among youth in Chicago, Illinois, had found that one third of those in the survey had misused prescription Opiod pills such as OxyContin or Vicodin before turning to heroin. Most importantly this study discovered that more than 75% of the youth had used heroin to self medicate due to an underlying concurrent mental health disorder such as depression, bipolar disorder or ADHD. Stephanie Elsass, the Stevenson High School substance abuse prevention coordinator, mentions that students suffering from depression and anxiety are at high risk for drug use…...(Kane-Willis et al., 2011)
The following are statements from individuals in this study

Opioid and Depression
The argument presented in this Wikipage:
depressive symptoms
(Grattan, (Grattan, Sullivan, Saunders,
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Opioid misuse and abuse are common issues in today's society. Misuse of opioids can range from the use of opioids for stress or sleep to using an opioid medication at a quantity greater than originally prescribed by a physician (Grattan et al. 2011). Few are aware of the correlation between depression and opioid abuse. A study of opioid use and depression demonstrated a dose-response was present; explaining that the severity of the depression was a good indicator of the correlation strength between the opioid use and depression (Grattan et al., 2011).

Natural Opioids
Opium
and Greece occuredoccurred around 1500
Semi-SyntheticMorphine
In 1806, a report based on research done by German pharmacist's assistant Frederich Serturner isolated an agent in opium that had ten times the potency of that of opium. He called this new substance morphium. Opium, itself, was later found to contain 30 more different alkaloids, one of which was codeine, isolated in 1832. The increased use of morphine resulted from the advancement of the hypodermic syringe in 1853 by Dr. Alexander Wood. Morphine use became popular in war settings where it was used to provide relief from pain caused by injuries. As a result, soldiers returning from combat usually showed withdrawal symptoms (Hart et. al., 2012).
Heroin
Heroin, first discovered in 1874 by attaching two acetyl groups to morphine, entered the market in 1898 by Bayer Laboratories as a non-addictive and more potent replacement for codeine. By attaching the two acetyl groups, heroin, originally called diacetylmorphine, was able pass the blood-brain barrier more easily than codeine. Heroin, first used in small oral doses, later demonstrated to have high dependence liability with the practice of injecting high doses (Hart et. al., 2012).
OxyCotin
Oxycotin,OxyContin
Oxycontin, which was What made OxycotinOxycontin revolutionary was period. Before oxycotin,oxycontin, pain relievers
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Synthetic

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wiki explores the question of what is it about narcotics that makes it

Opioids In The Media
ThereThe following contains some info on how opioids have effected Canada and Pop culture. Also included is a link to the Fifth Estate investigative report on Oxycontin and a time line of headlines that regard Oxycontin.
There are many such as oxycotinoxycontin and heroin
The concerns of individuals using to self-medicate are found common in the celebrity life. Celebrities have pressure to maintain their hectic work schedules and lifestyles. Celebraties such Lindsay Lohan have struggled with depression and have been known to self-medicate.Lindsay Lohan's substance abuse In the Media
Another concern for the public is that people are misusing their prescriptions and becoming dependent upon them."Today, Canadians are among the highest users of prescription opioids in the world". A major concern is oxycontin, in 2011 there were over 500 opioid related deaths alone in 2011 with oxycontin being among them along with morphine. An issue could be the question of whether these individuals legitimately required prescriptions for opioids; if there could have been an alternate treatment; and if their prescription set the stage for an addiction to occur.

should work towadstowards delaying the tamper resistant oxycotinoxycontin with no
3.) Should pharmaceutical companies be held responsible for individuals who abuse their drugs? If so, what should drug companies do to ensure greater safety against abuse?
regarding the deficianciesdeficiencies in the first introduced ?.? i.e.The fact the time realaserelease mechanism can
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availability of thee durgs?the drugs? Why or
2.) Purdue Pharma has created tamper resistant oxycontin and are now trying to block the generic non-tamper resistant drug from being released onto the market. This will allow Purdue Pharma to have a patent on the tamper resistant oxycotin with no competition from the generic brands. Do you think that generic brands should be allowed to do produce oxycodone in the non-tamper resistant form?
3.) Should pharmaceutical companies be held responsible for individuals who abuse their drugs? If so, what should drug companies do to ensure greater safety against abuse?

risk in oxycotinoxycontin abuse with brands of oxycotin?oxycodone? Do you should work towards havingtowads delaying the introductionavailability of these drugs delayed?thee durgs? Why or
2.) Purdue PharmPharma has created tamper resistant oxycotinoxycontin and are allow Purdue PharmPharma to have do produce oxycotinoxycodone in the
3.) Should pharmaceuticpharmaceutical companies be that Purdue PharmPharma should be responsible for not realizing that oxycotintheir oversight regarding the deficiancies in the oxycontin time release mechanism when it was first introduced ?. i.e.The fact that the time realase mechanism can the pill is crushed when they first introduced the product?are crushed.
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1.) Knowing that there are safer alternatives for prescriptions of opioids, how do you think healthcare professionals and/or Mental Health and Addictions Counselors can regulate the distribution of oxycontin that are being prescribed and the dosages?
2.) Do you why not?
3.)
2.) Purdue Pharm resistant form?
4) Do
3.) Should pharmaceutic companies should be held against abuse?
4.) Do you think that Purdue Pharm should be held responsible for not realizing that oxycotin time release mechanism can be circumvented when the pill is crushed when they first introduced the product?
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Michael Von Korff, ScD of Group Health Research Institute in Seattle has noticed that doctors have become more conservative when prescribing opioids as a result of studies showing that abuse of opioids have become quite severe. Opioid perscriptions have 600% from 1997 to 2007 (USA statistic). At the same time unintentional lethal overdoses involving prescription opioids increased more than 350% from approximately 4000 in 1999 to more than 14,000 in 2007(Depressive Symptoms Raise Risk for Opioid Misuse, 2013).
co-occurring psychiatric illnesses (Depressiveillnesses(Depressive Symptoms Raise
Roger A. Rosenblatt, MD, MPH, and Mary Catlin, BSN, MPH, both from University of Washington, Seattle, suggest that when other interventions are inadequate, low-dose opioids therapy with other complementary therapies may be considered. They also mention that long-term opioid therapy requires a long-term commitment by both clinician and patient and they should always be cautious to this powerful drug (Depressive Symptoms Raise Risk for Opioid Misuse, 2013).
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